Business Plan for Boutique Fashionable Clothes

Question: Describe about the Business Plan for Boutique for Fashionable Clothes. Answer: Business details This business plan is about a fashion boutique and the name of the boutique will be New Look fashion boutique. The New Look fashion boutique is the start-up retail which will sell out the fashionable clothes to women. The New Look fashion boutique will be located in the Singapore which is the famous and popular place for the tourist destination. The primary aim of to open the boutique is to build the well-recognized brand name with the effective expansion plan. Along with this, it is the objective to focus on the online retail market also. The fashion and retail industry is very attractive for the youth so the boutique will focus on the youth. The boutique will follow modern fashion trends and focus on the preferences of the consumers. Based on the taste and preferences of the consumers, the boutique will try to meet the needs and demands of the customers by using proper inventory. The boutique will focus on the style, colours and fits for the women to meet their needs. To provide th e best quality of work will be specialty of the boutique (Drummond, Ensor Ashford, 2012). Products or services The New Look fashion boutique will provide the combination of various clothing for women from recognized name brands. The boutique will provide the wide range of clothes from selected fashion designers. The company will use the modern fashion trend by focusing on the purchasing preferences of the customers. The company will use the inventory to meet the requirements of the customers. Women are very conscious for their clothes and fashion sense so the main products of the company will be casual wear, business clothing, formal wear and jeans. Along with this, company will also offer some accessories such as hats, belts and scarves. Profit will be gained by the sales of variety of products. The pricing structure of the company will be flexible as the company will implement the reasonable prices on the common brands. The company will use value based pricing structure which will provide customer service, quality, style and easy access of products to attract the target customers. At the en d of season, sale, multi-buy savings and promotional coupons will be helpful to implement the strategies. The key message connected with the New Look fashion boutique will be classy, versatile and expensive clothing for women (Jones Hayes, 2008). Mission: The mission of the company is to give a new way of fashion to the consumers in the basis of style and quality. Vision: The vision of the company is to develop the lines of fashion products for men, women and children. This fashion line will include all type of clothes that will meet the expectations and demands of the consumers. Objective: The aim of the boutique is to differentiate itself from other boutiques by providing stylish and quality clothing products to the women. The primary objective of the company is to ensure that customers are happy with their purchasing. So the company will provide the products in all the shapes and size for women. Along with this, the company will make purchasing easy, cheap and efficient for consumers (Hoskisson, 2009). Market analysis Market and structure The company will focus on the women for its products. The current population of Singapore is around 5,399,200 and there are 54% women if total population. So it will be easy to attract the women by providing various types of clothing that meet to the demand of the customers. There are many women who look for the clothes those are both fashionable as well as comfortable. Along with this, the company will focus on the tourists also. Singapore is the popular tourist destination for the travellers across the world. People come here to spend their vacation and they enjoy the shopping also. So, company can be able to take benefits from the tourists. Apart from this, Singapore organizes various events and fares for the travellers which bring many targeted travellers to the country every year. Market trend The fashion boutique is the strong business in the retail fashion industry having different changing styles and changing demands of the consumers. In the past, there were megastores foe the fashion clothes and at that time customer wanted change. The customers always seek for the customer friendly experience of shopping. In present days, women are working and they seek different wears ford all purpose such as business wear, and casual wear. So the demand of the clothing will always be high in the market. Many things are changing in the clothing industry and now consumers wants to buy the clothes for all the seasons. To stay connected with the needs and requirements of the consumers, company will establish internal team to collect the feedback given by the important customers. The New Look fashion boutique will work on the strategy of buy now, wear now. It has been seen that there are many companies in the retail industry who are using domestic plant to fulfil the small orders. (Mounc ey Baker, 2009). Market segmentation with target market The New Look fashion boutique is the company having the business to consumer strategy. Females are the main target of the company. So, the company will also attract the younger women by some special products such as scarves, handbags etc. There will be products to target the young generation. In present time, customers value uniqueness, quality, services and convenience. Pricing is the important factor while consumer is taking decision to buy something. Company is planning to target female between the ages of 20 to 40. Within this group, there will be no restrictions of colour and background of the consumers. The customer of the New Look fashion boutique will be someone who will be able to pay worth price for the quality products. The target group of the company will be those women who will be able to spend the worth money for the quality clothing. There are many female consumers who are interested in buying the clothes having different patterns and designs. So, there will be easy fo r the New Look fashion boutique to attract its target customers by providing best quality and designs to them. Buying behaviour of consumers The buying behaviour of consumers plays an important role in the success or failure of a particular company, brand or product. It ensures the company that the market strategy which is adopted by the company to gain success is beneficial for the customers or not. In case of the consumer behaviour, consumers give the preferences to those products which are easily accessible for them. In case of the New Look fashion boutique, the company will try to provide those products that will match the needs or demands of the consumers in the affordable price. Because of best quality and affordable prices, customers will be easily attracted towards the clothes. The buying behaviour of the consumers is based on the prices of the products also. High prices of the clothes can distract the consumers and their buying behaviours. So, the company will set the prices of products that will meet the needs of the consumers. Competitors analysis Strength: The strength of the New Look fashion boutique is that it will provide unique and different shopping experience with excellent customer services. Along with this, company will be on such location from where the products can be easily accessible by the consumers. There is more strength for the New Look fashion boutique that it has large and wide customer base because it is targeting women in its segmentation. The company has the chance to understand and experience the fashion industry because it is new in the market it will get lots of opportunities to expand its business. Weakness: Although it is good for the New Look fashion boutique that it is new in the industry and it may get many opportunities to learn and experience the business. But this is also weakness of the company. Fashion market is large and it is very difficult for the company to satisfy the demands of the consumers. There are established competitors in the market who are operating the business of clothes. There are also some associated with the opening of new boutique that it might be successful or not. Customer and value proposition The company will attract the younger women by some special products such as scarves, handbags etc with clothes. The customer of the New Look fashion boutique will be someone who will be able to pay worth price for the quality products. The target group of the company will be those women who will be able to spend the worth money for the quality clothing. So, the company will try to provide those products that will match the needs or demands of the consumers in the affordable price. The company will also launch a professional and effective website from which the customers can see the products and company can sell out its clothing products across the world (Payne Holt, 2008). Marketing strategy For the New Look fashion boutique, there is the need to draw unique marketing strategy from the beginning. The boutique will not only manufacture the unique clothes but also will promote the clothes with unique strategy of marketing. The company will plan to establish the partnership with the other retailers by increasing and creating brand awareness. In the marketing strategy, the company will hire a local firm that will help in making and implementing strategic marketing plan in a cost-effective manner. The marketing message, slogan and logo of the company will be able to depict the idea of generation of the boutique (Marcer, 2012). The goal of the company is to keep the marketing budget to no more than 5% of the gross annual sale of the products. Along with this, the company will develop its connections in all the important places. The partnership with other retailers will be helpful for the company to conduct the local events and target the customers. The New Look fashion boutique is currently trying to expand the business in local community. The advertisement for the local community will include huge local print advertisement and media coverage, direct mail marketing, and different campaigns. The large amount in the budgeting plan will be allocated for the print and broadcast media (Lymbersky, 2009). Launch strategy The company will conduct a grand and excited opening of the new boutique. With the help of the local firm and other retailers, the company is planning to do a grand opening of The New Look fashion boutique. The message for the opening of the boutique will be send through the different media. The print advertisements will be given in the top magazines of the country to gather the people. For the message, internet will be the best option for the company. The New Look fashion boutique is planning to launch a website also. The company will launch a professional and effective website from which the customers can see the products and company can sell out its clothing products across the world. The reason of launching the website is that in future it is assuming the best marketing channel for the company (Glowik Smyczek, 2011). Along with this, there is one mire strategy while opening the boutique. Company will charge $100 as the entry collection at the grand opening and it will continue t hroughout the week. The contacts with the retailers will be used for marketing activities. The local firm will promote the opening event in the radio advertisement and local newspaper. Company will focus on low cost publicity by which it can gain advantage in the market. Sales tactics The New Look fashion boutique is planning to generate sales through strategic marketing. The strategy will be for both new customers as well as single-visit tourist customers. There is the referral program for those customers who will refer new customers. Those customers will be rewarded by the company. In the grand opening, the company will plan to conduct a direct mail campaign to target the customers. Through the direct mail campaign, the company will do an in-store mailing program. The direct mails will include around 5000 coloured postcards mailers and every postcard will have 10% coupon. Along with this, the company will provide offers and discounts on the seasonal and occasional sales throughout the year. The New Look fashion boutique will accept also the payments via debit and credit cards. Then return and exchange policy will also be there. Customers can exchange and return the clothes within 30 days of seeing and receipts are must for the exchange. The company will have co- owners and 2 or 3 sales associate for selling the products. For the effective and proper sales, training will be provided to the sales associates. Training is necessary so that they can give advice to customers about the fashion trends. The members in the sales team will earn on hourly basis along with the certain percentage of commission on each sales (Schnaars, 2010). Brand development While launching the New Look fashion boutique, the primary aim of the company is to development the brand image of the company. The brand image of the boutique will convey the message of quality, style and great shopping experience to the customers. For the success of the company, brand will play the important role to distinguish the boutique from the other retailers in the local and international market (Dentchev, 2009). For the development of the brand, the New Look fashion boutique will sell the clothing with the brand name. The company will focus the fashion trends with the preferences of the customers to develop the brand image among the customers. The aim of the boutique is to build the brand name that will be the same name of fashion in the retail industry. To develop the brand name, the company will also give the experience of shopping to the customers through online shopping (Seshadri, 2009). Competitive reaction The New Look fashion boutique will get competitive advantage because it is new in the industry and people will wish to buy the new designs of the clothes. There is no guarantee of the new entrants in the fashion industry, because customers are concerned about their fashion sense. By providing the quality and affordable prices, competitors can easily attract the customers. The same opportunity can be getting by the New Look fashion boutique that by the new and attractive designs, affordable rates and exclusive accessories with the clothes, it can attract the customers more than the competitors. By the outstanding customer services, company can distinguish itself from the competitors in the market. The relationship with suppliers and the other retailers, and exclusive product offering of the company will stop the new entry as the competitor in the market. At the time of new entry of competitors, the company would be established and would be able to compete with those competitors (Prebl e Hoffman, 2009). Product and market development For the product development, the company will work with the other retailers of garments manufacturers and fashion designers. Along with this, company will collect all the required licenses for the business. Once the financing will be secured in the company then it will move ahead for the necessities of the business such as purchasing on inventory, office supplies and retail displays. For the grand opening of the boutique, it will take the help of other retailers industry. The product development strategy is based on the promotion with internet as the internet has become the important part of todays life (Farahmand, 2011). So the New Look fashion boutique will focus to generate a website for the customers. The company will have unique domain name newlookfashion.com. The site will be started developing when the funds will be sufficient for developing the site. Further, the company will plan to hire some web designers for the development. The company will aim to show the clothing produc ts at the time of opening and provide the chance to the customers to show the ability of their purchasing. After some time, the company is planning to add some more products related to fashion such as fashion magazines and newspapers, newsletters, designers interviews and designers advices. Basically, the New Look fashion boutique is trying to establish a community where women can gather and talk about the clothing secrets. Operations plan For the establishment in retail industry, the New Look fashion boutique will operate its business seven days in the week from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. at the time of holidays an special occasions, the timing of the boutique will be extended. In this manner, the boutique needs around 2/3 available space of the building. The remainder space will be used stock and administrative purpose. Along with the owners of the boutique, three or four part time employees will also be hired to serve the customers. The boutique will provide the production to local manufacturers. Along with this, the boutique is planning to connect with the largest warehouse market available in that state. By purchasing the clothes from the warehouses, buyers will be able to see product display and promotional materials with the purchase. The company will hire people for regional sales representatives. Apart from this, company is also planning to conduct fashion trade shows for the women. In case of cost, to control the cost , track the inventory and to manage the stock level in the business operations, the company is planning to set the inventory control system. The inventory control system will include the bar code having related equipments and software. It is the responsibility of staff members to conduct annual audits of inventory and the company can hire auditors from outside if necessary. The accounts and finance of the company will also be maintained by the software (Joshi, 2009). Management team and company structure Organizational structure The New Look fashion boutique is the small business, so the staff will also be small. The owners will have leadership role and quality and they will be responsible for daily operations of the business such as maintaining inventory, buying raw materials, marketing efforts and other administrative duties. There will be the sales staff also to help the owners to secure the sale, general maintenance of stock and inventory and assisting the customers. The management philosophy of the company will be based on mutual respect and responsibility. The environment and the structure of the company will encourage the productivity of the business (Cool, Schendel, 2010). Staff member The New Look fashion boutique will hire the sales staff three or four part time employees. And these positions are to be filled and to find the qualified employees is not an issue. The sales associates of the company will be paid on hourly basis. Along with this, they will get commission also. Bonus and offers will also be provided in every year by review the performance of employees annually. The work of owners will be to maintain the public relations within the fashion industry. To maintain the public relations are very important to operate the best marketing plan for the boutique (Cool Schendel, 2010). Resources Estimation in regard to resources is an essential exercise as it provides management with the base for forecasting funding requirements and preparing financial projections (Shim Siegel, 2007). In the case of New Look Fashion Boutique, which is going to engage in the business of manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of the beauty products, the resource requirement is presented as below: New Look Fashion Boutique: Resource Requirements Resources Amount ($) Stores and Supplies 50,000.00 Machinery 500,000.00 Equipments 200,000.00 Labor (30 workers*$3,000) 90,000.00 Office Staff (10 officials*$10,000) 100,000.00 Working capital 500,000.00 Total 1,440,000.00 Further, in addition to the critical resources discussed above, the company would also require posters, postcards, catalogue, brochures, calendars, and flyers. Along with this, the information technology resources comprising hardware and software would also be needed to run and control the business. Financing One of the crucial steps in financial planning is sourcing the fund requirement that is finding out the best possible mix of sources of funds to meet out the capital requirements (Shim Siegel, 2007). In the case on hand, it has been projected that the business would require total funds of $1,440,000 to start up the operations. There are two possible ways to arrange funds amounting to $1,440,000 such as equity capital and borrowings from banks. The equity capital comes in as the contribution of the owners while the borrowings from banks form part of debt of the company. The financial projections in regard to the business of New Look Fashion Boutique Plc depicts that the business is quite promising and high returns could be expected in the coming 2 to 3 years time period. For this business, it has been projected that the founders (owners) contribution in the form of equity will be $550,000 and the rest will be financed through borrowings. It has been projected that the business would require a term loan of $400,000 to purchase machineries and equipments. With this financing arrangement, the gearing ratio of the company for five years has been projected to be 0.95, 0.88, 0.79, 0.58, and 0.43 times (Appendix). The ratio could observed to be decreasing as the business progresses, thus, it could be inferred that the risk will reduce significantly in the upcoming years. Financial projections The financial projections for a start-up business are presented through three essential components of the financial statement such as income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement (Shim Siegel, 2007). The income statement presents projections in regard income while the projections in regard to assets, liabilities, and equity are presented through balance sheet. Further, the cash flow statement presents the projections in regard to inflows and outflows of the cash for a given period of time. In respect of New Look Fashion Boutique Plc, the financial projections have been made by preparing income statement, balance sheet, and the cash flow statement for a period of five years (Appedix-2). The profitability as depicted in the income statement shows that the business is quite promising. In the first year of operations, it is expected to generate a net profit of $206,500 with a net margin ratio of 16.01% (Appendix-2). The profitability is expected to further increase in the year 2017 to $386,330 and to reach at $608,672 till the end of 2020. It could be observed that the profitability of the company is expected to increase three fold in a time period of 5 years. Further, the balance sheet figures shows that the total assets at the time of start of the business will be $1,440,000 which is expected to increase to 2,744,000 in the given time period of 5 years. The increase in total assets will be dominated by current assets (Appendix-2). In regard to the cash flow projections, it has been budgeted that the company will have cash amounting to $86,200 at the end of first year of operations (Appendix-2). The cash will increase with the increase in sales and profitability of the business gradually over the time frame of 5 years. It has been projected that by the end of 2020, the company will have cash amounting to $1,159,507.85 (Appendix-2). Risk and strategic options The aim of the New Look fashion boutique is to provide best quality clothes to the women at the affordable prices. But the company should not forget the risks associated with the starting of the business. There are many risks with the new business operations. Opening the clothing boutique can create the risks for the owners (Lee, 2009). Identified risks There can be many risks associated with the New Look fashion boutique while starting the business in the retail industry. The risk can be related to inventory management, trend, marketing and business. Without proper inventory management, the boutique cannot be able to provide good products to the customers. If the company stocks too much inventory, then company will face loss. There is another risk related to the trend that in the fashion industry, the trends of the fashion are continuously changing. The company must have to change its trends with the changing environment. One wrong step can decrease the brand image of the company. There may be one more risk and that is related to the marketing strategies. A clothing business must have the clear marketing tactics so target the right customers. Strategies options To avoid the risk, there is the need to adopt proper strategy in the market. There can be many risks while a company is going to operate the business in the market. To minimize the risk related to inventory, the New Look fashion boutique can use the inventory management software so that company can be able to track the inventory and will be able to order the right inventory on time. Along with this, the company should update itself about the changing preferences and demands of the consumers. By the merger and acquisitions, and relations with other retailers, the company will be able reduce the operational risk in the market. Key milestones From the above business plan, it has been seen that the primary aim of to open the boutique is to build the well-recognized brand name with the effective expansion plan. The boutique is new in the market so it has to set some key stones for the success of the business. The goal of the company is to keep the marketing budget to no more than 5% of the gross annual sale of the products. Along with this, the company will develop its connections in all the important places. With this, the company is expecting to earn of $ 285,000 from the annual sales in first year. References Cool, K., Schendel, D., (2010), 'Performance differences among strategic group members', Strategic Management Journal, 9(3) , pp. 207-223 Dant, S. P., (2009), Ownership Structure in Franchising: The Effect of Transaction Cost, Production Costs and Strategic Considerations, the International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 6(1), 5375 Dentchev, N., (2009), Corporate Social Performance as a Business Strategy, Journal of Business Ethics, 55(4), pg. 397 412 Drummond, G., Ensor, J. Ashford, R., (2012), Strategic Marketing: Planning and Control, (4th) London: Palgrave Macmillan Farahmand, N. F., (2011), Organizational marketing planning by management educated managers, African Journal of Marketing Management, 3(8), pp. 178-187 Glowik, M. Smyczek, S., (2011), International Marketing Management: Strategies, Concepts and Cases in Europe, Page 301, (4th), New York: Physica-Verlag Gruca, T. S. Rego, L. L., (2009), Customer Satisfaction, Cash Flow and Shareholder Value, Journal of Marketing, 69, 11530 Hoskisson, R., (2009), Business strategy: theory and cases. (6th), UK: John Murray Jones, R. M. Hayes, S. G., (2008), The UK clothing industry: Extinction or evolution? Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 8 (3), 262-278 Joshi, A. W., (2009), Continuous supplier performance improvement: Effects of collaborative communication and control. Journal of Marketing, 73(1), 133150 Lee, G. K., (2009), Relevance of organizational capabilities and its dynamics: What to learn from entrants product portfolios about the determinants of entry timing? Strategic Management Journal, 29, 12571280 Lymbersky, C. (2009), Market Entry Strategies: Text, Cases and Readings in Market Entry Management, (5th) Australia: Christoph Lymbersky Marcer, D., (2012), Marketing strategy: the challenge of the external environment. (5th) London, Washington: Sage Publications Mouncey, P. Baker, S., (2009), The market researcher's manifesto. International Journal of Market Research, 45 (4), 415433 Payne, A., Holt, S., (2008), Diagnosing Customer Value: Integrating the Value Process and Relationship Marketing. British Journal of Management, 12 (2), pp 159 182 Preble, J. F. Hoffman, R. C., (2009), Competitive Advantage through Specialty Franchising, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 15(1), 6477 Schnaars, S., (2010), Marketing strategy: a customer-driven approach, (5th) Huntington, New York: Free Press Seshadri, S., (2009), Sourcing strategy: principles, policy, and designs, India: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd Shim, J.K. Siegel, J.G. 2007. Handbook of Financial Analysis, Forecasting, and Modeling. CCH.

Measure For Measure - Critique Essays - Shakespearean Comedies

Measure for Measure - Critique The Stratford Festival's rendition of "Measure for Measure", one of Shakespeare's original "problem plays", can only be called mediocre at best. While the drab, lifeless sets at first create an aura of poverty and des- titution that may or may not have been prevailent in 17th century Vienna, the lack of variety eventually tires the eyes, and begins to mildly irritate the senses. With the lack of colour present on stage, one would hope that the actor's performances would add some colour...and one would be unfortun- atly dissapointed. The acting, again, is no better than mediocre with few exceptions, those being most notably, the Vincentio (as Duke and Friar) and Froth, the pudgy board-house owner. The other characters are most obviously unassumed by the actors and are carried through with a sense of distance and unfamiliarity, seldom seem at a a festival as prestigious as North America's largest and arguably best Shakespearian festival. The play carries on for almost 3 hours, and is tempered with boredom (e.g. Isabella's laughably unimpassioned speech to Angelo), and momentary spots of humour (e.g. the some- times hilarious exchange between Lucio, a servant to the Duke, and the Duke disguised as a friar. This moment of ironic comedy is certainly one of the play's highlights, and is a model for many modern humour pieces) which all serve to create a less than enthralling afternoon of "not so high" drama. I will not attempt to explain the plot, as one of the play's redeeming factors is the suspense created by the soap operatic storyline. All in all,"MFM" is an average play written by an exceptional writer, performed no more than competantly by gifted actors, on a boring, uninteresting stage, thus we can equate : The God of Drama - less than excellent play -------------------------------------------------- = X Excellent actors - poor performance - poor staging X = Waste of money and time...Do not see this play. If you are truly curious about the nature of this play, save yourself the money, visit the local library's literature section and read it...the printed word brings out the play's ironic intricacies far more than this unexciting rendition ever will. So, if you find yourself in a little town called Stratford, pay no attention to an unknown play called Measure for Measure... instead, take a walk on the banks of the Avon and enjoy what nature has to offer... Key === Acting: ? ? ? (3) Set: ? ? ? (3) ? = And they get PAID Props: ? ? ? (3) for this !?!? Costuming: ? ? ? ? (4) The Play Itself (writing): ? ? ? ? (4) = They're not serious Overall Visual Impact: ? ? ? 1/2 (3.5) are they ? Creative Interpretation: ? ? ? 1/2 (3.5) = Oh...that's it? Overall: ? ? ? 1/2 (3.5 / 5) = If I were easily impressed, I'd probably be impressed right now... = Cool...

A Review of Things Fall Apart essays

A Review of Things Fall Apart essays I really enjoyed reading the book Things Fall Apart. Achebe did an excellent job of portraying the pre-colonial culture of the Ibo. This book was not only educational, but entertaining as well. His ability to focus mainly on one individual and still show the complexity of the entire clans beliefs and self-governing tactics was incredible. It is hard to believe that he was able to show us so many aspects of the pre-colonial culture in so few pages. This book definitely left me wanting to learn more about their culture. Some of the areas, I feel, really stood out to show they were a civilized people included their social organization, their economic system, and their religious beliefs. The Ibo seemed to have a very structured social order. Everything from the way one attains status in the village to the way the people receive their guests leads me to believe this. The use of titles in the village to determine status demonstrates that they had a hierarchy of sorts in place, much like we have judges, mayors, senators, and a president. For instance, the egwugwu acted as judges by passing sentence in disputes between the people. Their use of titles also seemed to make up a sort of government. Along the same lines, the way they interacted shows that they were a civil people. They seemed to try to settle everything peaceably, if at all possible. As Achebe pointed out, they believed that a war of blame was an unjust thing. Also, the way they interacted between each other leads me to believe they were not the savages the English had thought. The sharing of the kola nut and palm wine between neighbors shows a mutual respect for each other. They seemed to have a deep feeling of kinship not only among their families, but with the clan as a whole as well. Although it may be considered somewhat primitive by English standards, the Ibo had an existing economic system as well. Their economy was...

Legendary Detective Thomas Byrnes

Legendary Detective Thomas Byrnes Thomas Byrnes became one of the most famous crime fighters of the late 19th century by supervising the newly created detective division of the New York Police Department. Known for his relentless drive to innovate, Byrnes was widely credited for pioneering the use of modern police tools such as mugshots. Byrnes was also known to get very rough with criminals, and openly boasted of having invented a harsh interrogation technique he called the third degree. And though Byrnes was widely lauded at the time, some of his practices would be unacceptable in the modern era. After attaining widespread celebrity for his war on criminals, and becoming chief of the entire New York Police Department,  Byrnes came under suspicion during  corruption scandals of the 1890s. A famous reformer  brought in to clean up the department, future president Theodore Roosevelt, forced Byrnes to resign. It was never proven that Byrnes had been corrupt. But it was evident  that his friendships with some of the wealthiest New Yorkers helped him amass a large fortune while receiving a modest public salary. Despite ethical questions, there is no question Byrnes had an impact on the city. He was involved with solving major crimes for decades, and his police career aligned with historic events from the New York Draft Riots to well-publicized crimes of the Gilded Age. Early Life of Thomas Byrnes Byrnes was born in Ireland in 1842 and came to America with his family as an infant. Growing up in New York City, he received a very basic education, and at the outbreak of the Civil War he was working at a manual trade. He volunteered in the spring of 1861  to serve in a unit of Zouaves organized by Col. Elmer Ellsworth, who would become famous as the first great Union hero of the war. Byrnes served in the war for two years, and returned home to New York and joined the police force. As a rookie patrolman, Byrnes showed considerable bravery during the New York Draft Riots in July 1863. He reportedly saved the life of a superior officer, and recognition of his bravery  helped him rise in the ranks. Police Hero In 1870  Byrnes became  a captain of the police force and in that capacity he began  investigating noteworthy crimes. When the flamboyant Wall Street manipulator Jim Fisk was shot in January 1872, it was Byrnes who questioned both victim and assassin. The fatal shooting of Fisk was a front-page story in the New York Times on January 7, 1872, and Byrnes received prominent mention. Byrnes had gone to the hotel where Fisk lay wounded, and took a statement from him before he died. The Fisk case brought Byrnes into contact with an associate of Fisk, Jay Gould, who would become one of the richest men in America. Gould realized the value of having a good friend on the police force and he began feeding stock tips and other financial advice to Byrnes. The robbery of the Manhattan Savings Bank in 1878 attracted enormous interest, and Byrnes received nationwide attention when he solved the case. He developed a reputation for possessing great detective skill, and was placed in charge of the detective bureau of the New York Police Department. The Third Degree Byrnes became widely known as Inspector Byrnes, and was viewed as a legendary crime fighter. The writer Julian Hawthorne, the son of Nathaniel Hawthorne, published a series of novels billed as being From the Diary of Inspector Byrnes. In the public mind, the glamorized version of Byrnes took precedence over whatever the reality might be. While Byrnes did indeed solve many crimes, his techniques would certainly be considered highly questionable today. He regaled the public with tales of how he coerced criminals into confessing after he outwitted them. Yet theres little doubt that confessions were also extracted with beatings. Byrnes proudly took credit for an intense form of interrogation he termed the third degree. According to his account, he would confront the suspect with the details of his crime, and thereby trigger a mental breakdown and confession. In 1886 Byrnes published a book entitled Professional Criminals of America. In its pages, Byrnes detailed the careers of notable thieves and provided detailed descriptions of notorious crimes. While the book was ostensibly published to help fight crime, it also did much to bolster the reputation of Byrnes as Americas top cop. Downfall By the 1890s Byrnes was famous and considered a national hero. When the financier Russell Sage was attacked in a bizarre bombing in 1891, it was Byrnes who solved the case (after first taking the bombers severed head to be identified by the recuperating Sage). Press coverage of Byrnes was typically very positive, but trouble lay ahead. In 1894 the Lexow Commission, a New York State government committee, began investigating corruption in the New York Police Department. Byrnes, who had amassed a personal fortune of $350,000 while earning a police salary of $5,000 a year, was questioned aggressively about his wealth. He explained that friends on Wall Street, including Jay Gould, had been giving him stock tips for years. No evidence was ever made public proving Byrnes had broken the law, but his career came to an abrupt end in the spring of 1895. The new head of the board which oversaw the New York Police Department, future president Theodore Roosevelt, pushed Byrnes out of his job. Roosevelt personally disliked Byrnes, whom  he considered a braggart. Brynes opened a private detective agency which gained clients from Wall Street firms. He died of cancer on May 7, 1910. Obituaries in the New York City newspapers generally looked back nostalgically on his glory years of the 1870s and 1880s, when he dominated the police department and was widely admired as Inspector Byrnes.

How Effective Repositioning is in the Prevention and Treatment of Essay

How Effective Repositioning is in the Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Sores in ITU - Essay Example This study is meant to throw light on the effectiveness of repositioning as a premier curative component in the case of pressure sores. It will help widening the existing knowledge in this area to a new qualitative dimension. Repositioning has been considered as one among the components which is manual, while the other methods are either technical or equipment based. Focusing on repositioning, given its easy availability and less complication in practice, the study will supplement the existing knowledge in this area. This essay makes a conclusion that the most important advantage of the study will be its high reliability, because the data is collected directly from patients who are the real beneficiaries of the proposed study; and Medical professionals who are the care givers, and who over a long period of time, have been practicing in this area. Therefore they have vast practical experience and a very realistic understanding as to the effectiveness of each method on different types of patients. They have a clear idea about which method suits which patients, which is the ideal method for a larger segment of the population. Moreover, they have dealt with numerous cases and through practices over a long period of time, they have gained sufficient insight into the effectiveness of each method and also which method suits which individual. Another advantage is that, the hospitals one located in the local area and therefore data collection will be easier, and can be done within a limited period of time and resources.

Silent Film Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Silent Film Music - Essay Example As many composers say, composing music is like using all your skills to bring out what you are thinking, feeling and have in mind, to expose your bare soul the moment of the situation you are composing for. So, music creates emotions that we are already capable of feeling, it is enjoyable and makes us feel good and sometimes makes us want to dance and that is based on a biology theory. Also, music can relate with mathematics as many philosophers said. Music is everywhere, in radios, CDs, films/movies. As people know, films without sound are not understandable. This is the reason why back in the early years of films, the producers soon decided to connect their pictures, movements and ideas with sound. Silent films began to have more meaning through them. The 1920's, stands out of the history because of the radical changes that America underwent. In that decade, America, while being one of the wealthiest countries, had the resources to evolve in almost every field and therefore many ef fective changes in fashion, hairstyles, entertainment and music are recognized. Therefore, all films during that period were acknowledged from the wide public as one of the most powerful factors of the contemporary life. At the beginning of that time, it was found from the industry that the popularity could help with propagate to itself the relative for arts of music. During the influential years of the Silent Films, the musical accompaniment was reinforced by a pianist striking a tuneless mechanical instrument, with the same loud tunes and melodies in the ears of someone, whether the screen showed a romantic scene of two lovers kissing or a villain threatening an innocent civilian. But during the 1920's all this had been changed when large images began to circulate with a specially prepared effective score. Major film industries presented the known deluxe shows with symphony orchestras to accompany films but also involved short presentations on stage in the context of full scale re creational programs which often included actors, singers or a variety of show acts. In the early 1920's, Jazz ruled the background music on films, but regularly films with variety in their music gave the opportunity for popular jazz mitigated by the classical music, both accompanied by the film as part of extra entertainment acts. Many of the best musicians in the country were now playing in film houses and in some theatres the cost of music was the third than the total operating theatre cost. Discerning businessmen searching to optimize cost-effective modalities for the provision of musical background for the films were the motivating power behind the introduction of the organ pipe accompaniment. Pipe Organs that were installed in Churches were changed to respond to the requirements of the film theatres by adding tremolo effects.   2. Silent Film Music â€Å"Where words fail, music speaks, and without music, life is just like a journey through a desert.† (Anderson, 2008) T he beauty of music is found in every soul as everyone can appreciate good music. Music regulates our moods and leads to a healthy life. Music is soothing and music is something to which every ear responds. It is proved through a research that the rate of heart beat changes when music is turned on (What is Music, 2004). It’

The Role of Business Communication Essay Example for Free

The Role of Business Communication Essay The role of business communication to the profitability of the organization Communication is an integral part of an organization. Communication is required not only for good human relations but also for a successful business. Communication seeks to fulfill the basic functions such as to inform, to persuade and to promote goodwill. Communication involves sharing information, ideas, thoughts, opinions and plans between various parts of an organization. Therefore just giving directives without expecting a response is naive as it requires the attachment of some meaning to the message sent or received. In a large organization communicating effectively still proves to be a difficult task as communication sometimes takes place over a number of channels and so retaining the basic meaning is literally challenging. Communication seeks to inform individuals so that they are more aware of what is necessary in order to perform a task or to function within the organization. Information such as work ethics, production, benefits, safety regulations and training are just some of the things that employees are informed of maintain successful operation of the organizations. This will also help in the decision making process as employees will act on the best information available to them. Likewise, communication helps in persuading individuals to perform at a level that they would not ordinarily do. Managers often use open communication to influence others to perform the tasks required to achieve organizational goals. This open communication allows individuals to freely share mutual experiences, preferences, likes and dislikes. It also enables managers to create a climate for motivation, that is, a manager’s ability to influence the desired behaviour for performance depends on his ability to effectively communicate with his direct reports and staff at all levels. Communication also enables people to learn how they are doing at their jobs and how performance is being measured, as this is the heart of employee performance appraisals. Communication is necessary to attain managerial function. One such function is promoting good will. Many companies dedicate a whole department for this purpose while others just has one individual. Companies tend to be vigilant this area due to the tax benefits as well as a means of advertising as this goodwill helps in protecting their corporate image. By doing so they advertise a lot, give a way grant, gifts and other benefits to needy persons and shelters in and around their communities as well as on a national scale. For example Bank of Nova Scotia, Sandals and Courts just to name a few. Many managers have come to realize that having an open and effective communication can help in accomplishing organizational goals and objectives. Employees who are properly informed and are able to express themselves without having to go through the chain of command will be more motivated to produce. Both organizational and personal goals can be achieved.